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The Friends of The HunleyThe Friends of The Hunley
  • VISIT
    • Weekend Visit
    • School Visit
    • Group Visit
    • Directions
  • HISTORY
    • Overview
    • Timeline
    • The Civil War
    • Naval Innovation
    • The Hunley is Born
    • The Hunley’s Sinkings
    • History is Made
    • The Search and Recovery
    • The Burial
  • SCIENCE
    • Overview
    • Timeline
    • Excavation
    • Artifacts
    • Facial Reconstructions
    • Conservation
  • THE MYSTERY
    • Overview
    • Evidence
    • Theories
  • NEWS
    • Press Releases
    • Research
  • ABOUT US
    • Contact
    • Volunteer
  • SHOP
  • DONATE
    • Donate
    • Become a Member
    • Renew Membership
  • BUY TICKETS

EXCA­VATION

The H. L. Hunley is unique in that she was essentially a time capsule, holding all the contents from the night she sank over a century ago. In addition to the interest of holding treasures from our nation’s past, the submarine is also an active archaeological site, where scientists are collecting clues.  They hope to use this information to one day discover why the Hunley vanished after becoming the world’s first successful combat submarine.

For these reasons and for the tremendous significance the Hunley has in maritime history, opening the submarine for excavation was not something the archaeological team took lightly. After many months of planning, they came up with a plan to safely excavate the submarine. Scientists initially concentrated on the central compartment of the sub, where they believed the eight-man crew would still be located.  Throughout the entire excavation process, the team painstakingly collected the evidence the submarine held to explain why she mysteriously vanished.

Excavating the interior provided a wealth of information about the operation of the vessel and the men who served onboard.  Areas of damage and other crucial information were uncovered.   Still, even with an extensive list of uncovered evidence, the mystery of the Hunley’s final hours linger.  Using all the tools at their disposal, the team continues their investigation to find the truth about what happened to the Hunley and her crew.

Excavation Plan

On January 21st, 2001 the world watched as the excavation of the Hunley officially began. The excavation was divided into four main stages:

Phase One: Studying the Submarine
In order to safely enter the submarine, a careful preliminary study and mapping of the exterior was completed. Archaeologists scanned the entire outside prior to making any changes to the vessel.  The scan produced an exact model accurate to within 2 millimeters. Using this digital model of the Hunley, researchers were even able to zoom in and measure the heights of barnacles on the submarine. This enabled the team to ascertain the proper access points to conduct a safe scientific excavation without damaging the Hunley and the artifacts she held within.

Phase Two: The Preliminary Excavation of the Stern Ballast Tank
First, they were able to have a “test run” through an existing hole in the aft starboard side of the tank. This provided a limited, but direct access to the interior of the submarine, and enabled archaeologists to get an overall assessment of the condition and nature of the hull plates, ballast tank, backing plates and rivets, and the location of ship machinery such as the propeller shaft and steering controls. This phase revealed how the Hunley’s iron plates were fastened, how they could be removed and how the sediment had filled the submarine.

Phase Three: Removal of the Plates
Removing the first hull plate from the center section of the submarine was a major challenge with over 100 rivets drilled out to loosen the plate.

A series of hull plates were removed to gain sufficient access into the submarine’s interior. Their removal enabled the team to retrieve the remains of the crew and any artifacts associated with them, as well as learn more about the operation of the submarine. An important focus during this phase, and the entire excavation, was to maintain the integrity of the submarine’s construction. Therefore, scientists tried to remove as few plates as possible.

Phase Four: Removal of Sediments
The sediments inside the central compartment and the accessible portions of the ballast tank areas were excavated by hand using a combination of trowels, metal and wood scrapers, and spatulas. After screening, all the sediments were collected and handled in a respectful and careful fashion.

Next: Artifacts

Contact Info

  • Friends of the Hunley
  • 1250 Supply St, Charleston, SC 29405
  • 843-743-4865
  • info@hunley.org

Hunley Project Updates

  • Tools & Tides
  • New Evidence, New Identities
  • What’s in a Name? Is it the H. L. Hunley or the CSS Hunley?
  • Gold Pocket Watch May Help Solve a Timeless Maritime Mystery
  • Artifacts Belonging to Doomed 19th Century Submarine Captain Conserved

Friends of the Hunley • P.O. Box 21600, Charleston, SC 29413 • 1250 Supply Street, North Charleston, SC 29405 • Copyright © 2025 Friends of the Hunley.